The symptoms of COVID-19 could be mild, including fever (82%) and cough (81%) and severe, which are characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm (14%). Besides, recently have identified the 3p21.31 gene cluster as a genetic susceptibility locus for severe COVID19 patients’ respiratory failure. Individuals with age over 60 years, underlying health conditions such as cancer, lung and heart disease, immunocompromised and blood disorders, and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus have been identified so far as being more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Novel coronavirus infection is a severe pulmonary disease with some symptoms overlapping with SARS-Cov-1, H1N1, and influenza (Table 1). COVID-19 is still known as a communicable disease with high complexity. Despite preventive efforts, the number of new cases and mortality are continuously increasing worldwide. Contaminated surfaces, as well as respiratory droplets, can result in transmission among humans. The illness was caused by an enveloped RNA virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Graphical abstractĬoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly appeared disease with severe respiratory morbidity and mortality found in Wuhan, China, for the first time and then rapidly spread throughout the world. Promising outcomes have resulted in that clinical studies are going to continue. However, the idea of cell-based therapy has not been accepted by several scientific communities due to some concerns of lack of satisfactory clinical studies still, the MSCs and their clinical outcomes have been revealed the safety and potency of this therapeutic approach in several diseases, especially in the immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and some incurable diseases. Besides, we discuss the importance of personalized medicine and its possible aspects in COVID-19 treatment, then review the cell-based therapy studies for COVID-19 with a particular focus on stem cell-based therapies as a primary personalized tool medicine.
This theory has been conjugated with some evidence that we review in the present study. Nevertheless, we know that stem cells, especially MSCs, have immune-modulatory effects and can be stored for future personalized medicine applications. However, it is theoretical, as any real-world examples of the use of genuinely personalized medicine have not existed yet. One novel aspect of this study focuses on the potential application of personalized medicine in treating severe cases of COVID-19. Prompted by the uncertainties in the area of COVID-19 therapies, we reviewed the published papers and concepts to gather and provide useful information to clinicians and researchers interested in personalized medicine and cell-based therapy. Therefore, personalized treatments seem to play a critical role in improving these symptoms and even similar conditions. A wide range of variations in the clinical symptoms of different patients attributed to genomic differences. Currently, there are no specific and efficient vaccines or drugs for COVID-19, particularly in severe cases.